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Pledge of Allegiance - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Home More IssuesFAQs Teachers’ Corner Under God Should the Words under God” Be in the US Pledge of Allegiance? Last updated on: 1/9/2023 | Author: ProCon.org ARCHIVED SITE This site was archived on Jan. 9, 2023. A reconsideration of the topic on this site is possible in the future. The Pledge of Allegiance was first written in 1892 for a magazine contest, and it read: I Pledge Allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands; one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.” The Pledge became part of the US Flag Code in 1942, and in 1954 President Eisenhower and Congress added the phrase under God” into the Pledge. Proponents of including under God” in the Pledge argue that the United States is a Christian nation, at least 80% of Americans support the phrase, the language reflects America’s civic culture and is not a religious statement, and federal law, state constitutions, and US currency already contain references to God. Opponents contend that church and state should be kept strictly separate as the Founding Fathers intended. They argue that the Constitution protects minority rights against majority will, and that the words under God” in the Pledge are a religious phrase and thus violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. PROS & CONS BY CATEGORY CORE QUESTION Should the Words under God” Be in the US Pledge of Allegiance? Religion and the State Was the US Founded under God”? Is the United States a Christian Nation? Did the Founding Fathers Support a Separation of Church and State? Law and Religion Does the Phrase under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance Violate the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause? Do the Words under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance Improperly Endorse Religion? Is the Pledge of Allegiance a Religious Exercise? Does Public School Recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance Constitute Undue Coercion? Should the Words under God” Remain in the Pledge if a Majority of Americans Want to Keep It? People who view this page may also like: Should Churches Remain Tax-Exempt? Religion in the Original 13 Colonies Founding Fathers on Religion in Government Our Latest Updates (archived after 30 days) Archived Notices (archived after 30 days) Under God – Home Take Action Top Pro & Con Quotes Historical Timeline Did You Know? Student Rights and the Pledge of Allegiance US Flag Code Theories and Tests Used to Analyze the Religious Clauses of the First Amendment Who is the author? How to cite this page. Glossary Site Map HOME About Cite This Page Reprinting Policy Privacy Policy Disclaimer Contact Us ProCon/Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Chicago, Illinois 60654 USA Natalie Leppard Managing Editor procon@eb.com © 2023 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved X Home Page Under God – Menu Under God – Pros & Cons Top Pro & Con Quotes Historical Timeline Did You Know? US Flag Code Theories and Tests Used to Analyze the Religious Clauses of the First Amendment Cite This Page Site Map All Issues / Topics Topics A-Z New Topics Artificial Intelligence Private Prisons Space Colonization Most Popular Homework Social Media Death Penalty School Uniforms Video Games Animal Testing Gun Control Zoos Banned BooksFAQs Teachers’ Corner Cite This Page × ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): APA Chicago MLA Turabian APA (7th ed.): ProCon.org. (2023, January 9). Under God. ProCon.org. https://undergod.procon.org [Editor’s Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries.] Chicago (17th ed.): ProCon.org, "Under God," ProCon.org . last modified January 9, 2023. https://undergod.procon.org/. MLA (9th ed.): ProCon.org, "Under God." ProCon.org . 9 Jan. 2023, undergod.procon.org [Editor’s Note: The MLA citation style requires double spacing within entries.] Turabian (9th ed.): ProCon.org. "Under God." ProCon.org. Last modified on January 9, 2023. Accessed April 5, 2024....